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随着全球新能源产业的快速发展，锂资源需求量急剧增长，导致锂渣堆存量日益增加。磁选在锂渣处理中兼具“除杂”与“回收”双重功能，通过分离磁性杂质提升锂渣品质，可为其在建材、陶瓷、冶金等领域的高值化利用创造良好条件。本文以四川某典型锂渣为研究对象，利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段分析其工艺矿物学特征，在此基础上进行了磁选除铁工艺研究。结果表明：锂渣主要成分为SiO2和Al_2O3(合计占比92.57%),铁杂质以弱磁性矿物形式赋存于粗粒级(+0.025 mm)中，与硅铝酸盐基体胶结；通过一次磁选(0.6 T)+强磁选(1.2 T)工艺流程，获得了产率为87.11%、Fe_2O3品位为0.33%、白度为80.42%的硅铝微粉产品。锂渣颗粒细小，浸染铁杂质，赋存形态复杂，磁选后Fe_2O3品位降至0.33%后难再进一步脱除。该工艺同步实现了铁杂质的高效脱除与钽铌的回收，可为锂渣的高值化利用提供技术参考。
Abstract：With the rapid development of the global new energy industry, the demand for lithium resources has increased dramatically, resulting in an increasing stock of lithium slag. Magnetic separation has the dual functions of impurity removal and recovery in the treatment of lithium slag. The quality of lithium slag is improved by separating magnetic impurities, which creates good conditions for its high-value utilization in building materials, ceramics, metallurgy and other fields. In this paper, a typical lithium slag in Sichuan was taken as the research object, and its process mineralogy characteristics were analyzed by means of X-ray diffractometer(XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectrometer(XRF) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). On this basis, the magnetic separation iron removal process was studied. The results show that the lithium slag is mainly composed of SiO2 and Al_2O3(accounting for 92.57%), and the iron impurities are weakly magnetic minerals in the coarse fraction(+0.025 mm), which are cemented with the aluminosilicate matrix. Through a magnetic separation(0.6 T) + high intensity magnetic separation(1.2 T) process, a silicon-aluminum powder product with a yield of 87.11%, a Fe_2O3 grade of 0.33%, and a whiteness of 80.42% was obtained. The lithium slag particles are fine, disseminated iron impurities, and the occurrence form is complex. After magnetic separation, the Fe_2O3 grade is reduced to 0.33% and it is difficult to further remove. The process realizes the efficient removal of iron impurities and the recovery of tantalum and niobium simultaneously, which provides a technical reference for the high-value utilization of lithium slag.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16283/j.cnki.hgkwyjg.2026.03.002
中图分类号:X705;TD924
引用信息:
[1]张杰,殷志刚,何芋崎,等.四川某锂辉石浸出渣工艺矿物学特征及磁选试验研究[J].化工矿物与加工,2026,55(03):7-12.DOI:10.16283/j.cnki.hgkwyjg.2026.03.002.
基金信息:
四川大学-遂宁校市合作专项资金项目(2024CDSN-14)
2026-03-20
2026-03-20